24. Выделительная система

Açıklama:

0:00 – The video opens with a somewhat tedious introduction. 3:09 – The functions of the kidneys are discussed. 4:16 – The blood supply to the kidney is explained. 7:58 – The structure of the nephron is presented. 10:14 – The renal cortex and medulla are described. 11:00 – Nephron classification is covered. 13:27 – The architecture of cortical and medullary tissue is examined. 14:55 – Bowman's capsule is introduced. 16:35 – The glomerulus is described. 17:04 – The renal tubule is explained. 17:24 – Filtration is defined. 17:39 – The filtration barrier is described. 22:17 – The basal membrane is discussed. 25:17 – Podocytes are examined. 27:08 – Mesangial cells are described. 29:56 – The proximal tubule of the nephron is covered. 32:39 – A brief pharmacology section is presented. 35:14 – Drugs affecting the proximal tubule are listed. 35:50 – The loop of Henle and its countercurrent multiplication mechanism are explained. 40:38 – The cellular composition of the thin segment of the loop of Henle is described. 41:29 – Vasa recta are discussed. 42:47 – Loop diuretics are covered. 44:49 – The distal tubule is presented. 46:24 – Thiazide diuretics are discussed. 47:21 – Collecting ducts and the influence of aldosterone and vasopressin on reabsorption are explained. 51:56 – Potassium‑sparing diuretics are covered. 52:56 – A summary of reabsorption in the nephron is given. 53:36 – Interstitial cells and their types are described. 53:54 – The source of erythropoietin synthesis is identified. 55:23 – The juxtaglomerular apparatus is discussed. 58:23 – The mechanism of renin action is explained. 1:01:27 – The macula densa is described. 1:03:10 – The role of ACE2 and coronavirus is mentioned. 1:03:24 – The kallikrein‑kinin system is discussed. 1:07:19 – The urothelium is described. 1:07:56 – The bladder is covered. 1:11:11 – Embryonic development is discussed.