Como funcionam os computadores? CPU, ROM, RAM, barramento de endereços, barramento de dados, barr...

0:00 – The video begins by explaining the role of the CPU in a computer. 0:45 – It then defines computer memory and cell addresses. 1:30 – The differences between read‑only memory (ROM) and random‑access memory (RAM) are discussed. 2:25 – The BIOS and its operation are covered. 3:25 – The address bus is introduced, followed by the control bus and its RD and WR signals at 5:18. 7:16 – The data bus and how a byte is read from memory are shown. 9:56 – Address decoding is explained, with 10:48 covering memory IC decoding in ranges. 11:29 – The relationship between addressable space and the number of address bits is explored. 12:33 – ROM and RAM decoding in a computer is illustrated. 14:04 – Hexadecimal numbering and its link to binary are presented. 16:00 – Address bits for memory decoding are used. 16:45 – Signals CS, OE, and the tri‑state Z output are described. 17:35 – A decoder built with an inverter and line A15 is shown. 18:18 – Reading and writing in a computer system are demonstrated. 20:46 – Contiguous address space and real‑world address decoding are discussed. 21:45 – Video memory operation is explained. 22:39 – I/O port decoding with IORQ and MEMRQ signals is covered. 23:55 – Adding an output port to the computer is shown. 25:13 – A 1‑bit port using a D‑type flip‑flop is described. 26:12 – ISA and PCI buses and device decoding principles are presented.